Laparoscopic Surgery: What is it? What surgeries are performed laparoscopically? What are the advantages? | Surgsci

What is laparoscopic surgery?

Laparoscopic surgery is a method of surgery through laparoscopic equipment, and it is a minimally invasive method for the treatment of abdominal diseases developed in the past 20-30 years. The laparoscopic equipment in the operation mainly includes pneumoperitoneum machine, projection screen, expansion equipment operated by the doctor, etc.

The principle is to inject inert gas (usually carbon dioxide) into the abdominal cavity, inflate the abdominal cavity, make several small incisions with a diameter of 5-12mm in different parts of the abdomen through the corresponding optical equipment, and insert the laparoscopic lens through the trocars. Through the images of different angles of the patient's organs displayed on the monitor screen, the doctor explores various parts of the abdominal cavity, analyzes and judges the patient's condition, and then uses long instruments to enter the abdominal cavity through the abdominal wall for surgery.

Laparoscopic surgery is widely used in various departments. Through the magnification of the laparoscope, doctors can more clearly understand the anatomical relationship around the lesion, thereby reducing trauma and allowing patients to recover quickly after surgery.

What is a laparoscopy?

Laparoscopy is an exploratory procedure using a laparoscope. A laparoscope is an instrument with a tiny imaging device that is passed through the abdominal wall and placed into the abdominal cavity. Doctors can directly see the real-time situation in the abdominal cavity captured by the camera on the monitor, analyze the condition, and use special instruments for surgical treatment. Laparoscopy requires 2-4 holes in the abdominal wall to operate, one of which is on the navel, and the diameter of each hole is about 1-2cm. Laparoscopic surgery has relatively small wounds and quicker postoperative recovery.

What surgeries are performed laparoscopically?

In recent years, minimally invasive surgery has developed rapidly, with the advantages of less trauma, faster recovery, less pain, and higher cure rate. As a representative of minimally invasive surgery, laparoscopy is widely used in the field of surgery. Laparoscopy involves a variety of diseases and surgeries and is popular with patients. With the continuous advancement of science and technology and the improvement and innovation of surgical instruments, the scope of using laparoscopy will become wider and wider. 

By Samuel Bendet, US Air Force, via Wikimedia Commons 

Laparoscopic surgery can be used for various procedures which include:

Removal of the gallbladder. This is sometimes called a laparoscopic cholecystectomy, or 'lap choly', for short. It is now the most common way for a gallbladder to be removed, usually for gallstones which are causing pain.

Removal of the appendix.

Removal of patches of endometriosis.

Removal of parts of the intestines.

Female sterilisation.

Treating ectopic pregnancy.

Taking a biopsy of various structures inside the abdomen, which can be looked at under the microscope and/or tested in other ways.

What are the advantages of laparoscopic surgery?

1. Small surgical trauma;

2. Patients recover quickly after surgery;

3. Short hospital stay;

4. The patient has mild postoperative pain;

5. Small abdominal incision scar;

6. The therapeutic effect is the same as that of laparotomy.

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